The Battle of Amba Aradam unfolded between Italian and Ethiopian forces during the Second Italo-Abyssinian War, which commenced in 1935. Prior to the battle, tensions escalated as Italy, under Benito Mussolini's regime, pursued an aggressive colonial policy aiming to expand its empire in Africa. The Ethiopian military, led by Emperor Haile Selassie, sought to defend their sovereignty against the invading Italian troops, who were better equipped with modern artillery and aircraft. Positioned strategically in the mountainous terrain of Amba Aradam, Ethiopian defenders prepared to resist the advancing Italians.

On February 10, 1936, Italian forces, leveraging their advanced military technology, launched a coordinated attack on the Ethiopian defenses. The battle was characterized by fierce combat, as Ethiopian soldiers displayed remarkable bravery despite being outmatched in some areas. The terrain played a significant role, with Ethiopian fighters using it to their advantage. However, the Italian strategy focused on encirclement and tactical air support, ultimately leading to superior combat effectiveness.

As the battle progressed, Italian troops gained ground through sheer force and strategic maneuvering, despite facing staunch resistance. By the end of the campaign at Amba Aradam, Italy's military dominance became evident, allowing them to intensify their efforts across Ethiopia. This victory added to the growing list of Italian triumphs in the war, showcasing both the capabilities of modern warfare and the fierce determination of Ethiopian forces determined to resist colonization.