King Amadeo I of Spain, who had ascended to the throne in late 1870, faced numerous challenges during his brief reign. Initially welcomed as a potential unifier in a fragmented political landscape, King Amadeo encountered dynamic opposition along with growing discontent from Spanish citizens. The tension intensified due to ongoing conflicts, including the Carlist Wars and various uprisings fueled by regional and ideological discontent. His efforts to govern amidst such complexity proved to be increasingly futile, culminating in his decision to abdicate the throne on February 11, 1873.

Following King Amadeo's abdication, the Spanish Parliament acted swiftly to declare the establishment of the First Spanish Republic. This radical shift aimed to address the urgent need for change and was heralded by several factions looking for a new governance structure that could effectively manage Spain’s myriad problems. The birth of the republic was celebrated by some, while others viewed it with skepticism, as the nation grappled with internal divisions and political disagreements on how best to move forward.

The proclamation of the republic represented a significant turning point in Spain’s political evolution, marking a transition from monarchy to republicanism. However, the new government struggled to maintain unity in a politically diverse landscape, facing numerous challenges that included the quest for stability and legitimacy among the populace. Rival factions within the republic often clashed, and it soon became evident that the republic would face a tumultuous existence, filled with political strife and uncertainty regarding its direction and future.