The Iranian Revolution was a significant socio-political movement that led to the overthrow of the monarchy under Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, establishing the Islamic Republic of Iran. The public dissent against the Shah's regime began to intensify in the mid-1970s, sparked by grievances over political repression, economic disparity, and westernization policies that many Iranians found unacceptable. Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini emerged as the main opposition leader, promoting a vision of governance based on Islamic principles and criticizing the Shah as a puppet of Western powers, particularly the United States.

Khomeini’s return to Iran on February 1, 1979, following years of exile, galvanized the revolutionaries. This period was marked by massive protests and strikes, which weakened the Shah's government. By February 11, 1979, the Pahlavi regime collapsed as military leaders declared neutrality, prompting the revolutionaries to seize control of key government buildings and institutions. The flag of the new Islamic Republic was raised, symbolizing a shift from secular governance to a theocratic state.

Once in power, Khomeini quickly dismantled the existing political structure and instituted a new government based on Islamic law. The 1979 Iranian Constitution established a theocratic regime, where religious leaders held ultimate authority. The revolution not only transformed Iran but also served as inspiration for Islamic movements worldwide, signaling a broader pattern of resistance against Western influence in the region.