The Second Regional Congress of Peasants, Workers and Insurgents, held by the Makhnovshchina in Huliaipole, was a significant gathering during the tumultuous period of the Ukrainian Revolution. The Makhnovshchina, a revolutionary movement led by Nestor Makhno, sought to establish a society premised on anarchist principles, focusing on agrarian reform and workers' self-management. This congress represented a concerted effort to unify disparate factions within the revolutionary movement and clearly articulate the demands of peasants and workers amidst the ongoing conflict after the collapse of the Russian Empire.

Farmers and laborers participated actively, sharing their grievances about land rights, labor exploitation, and the challenges posed by foreign intervention and local warlords. The congress, therefore, became a platform that attempted to forge solidarity among the working class and delineate a strategy for the struggle against oppressive forces. Additionally, discussions reflected a deep commitment to education and the promotion of collective ownership over means of production. Thus, the congress signified not only a political meeting but also an embodiment of the revolutionary spirit that permeated the countryside during this period.

The decisions made and resolutions passed at this congress highlighted the urgent need for agrarian reforms and laid the groundwork for future actions by the Makhnovshchina. The gathering also attracted attention from other revolutionary movements in Ukraine and beyond, as of the growing demand for an egalitarian society resonated with many.