The Treaty of Giyanti marked a defining moment in the history of Java, particularly for the Javanese kingdom of Mataram, which had been embroiled in conflict and power struggles among various factions. After a prolonged period of internal conflict, the Dutch East India Company (VOC) facilitated negotiations between Sunan Pakubuwono III, who controlled part of Mataram, and his half-brother Prince Mangkubumi. The treaty was signed in the context of the VOC's strategic interests in Java, aiming to consolidate its power by stabilizing the region and influencing local governance.As a result of the treaty, the kingdom of Mataram was officially split into two separate political entities: the Sunanate of Surakarta, where Pakubuwono III reigned, and the Sultanate of Yogyakarta, established for Mangkubumi. This division not only diminished Mataram's former strength but also allowed the VOC to play a pivotal role in the region's politics. The agreement included provisions about territorial boundaries and responsibilities, essentially making the local leaders client rulers of the Dutch, further entwining the fates of the Javanese principalities with colonial powers.The Treaty of Giyanti also set the stage for future conflicts and alliances within Java as these two new principalities navigated their identities and relations with the Dutch. The consequent political structure established by the treaty remained influential for years, shaping the governance of Java leading up to Indonesian independence in the 20th century.