The Royal Air Force (RAF) launched a significant aerial assault on Dresden, Germany, during World War II, beginning a bombing campaign that would have devastating consequences for the city and its inhabitants. The British bombers, accompanied by units from the United States Army Air Forces, aimed to obliterate key military targets, infrastructure, and to disrupt supplies for the German war effort. On the nights of February 13 and 14, 1945, waves of bombers released thousands of tons of high-explosive bombs and incendiaries, resulting in a firestorm that engulfed large portions of the city.

Dresden, recognized for its cultural heritage, was unprepared for such an onslaught, as many of its citizens were unaware of the impending attack. The bombing ran rampant through neighborhoods, homes, and historical landmarks, leading to widespread destruction and substantial civilian casualties. Estimates of the death toll vary widely, with some reports suggesting tens of thousands of civilians lost their lives within hours. The devastation was compounded by the ensuing fires, which ravaged the city for days following the bombing.

The RAF's operation against Dresden remains controversial due to the heavy civilian toll and the destruction of a city with little military importance. Critics argue that this bombing was an unjustifiable act of war, while proponents contend it was necessary to demoralize the German populace and hasten the conflict's conclusion. The event marked a critical juncture in World War II, highlighting the brutal realities of aerial warfare and its impact on civilian populations in the modern world.