The initiation of the Nepalese Civil War marked a significant turning point in the political landscape of Nepal. The Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist-Centre), led by Pushpa Kamal Dahal, also known as Prachanda, aimed to address widespread discontent among the peasantry and disadvantaged classes, who felt marginalized by the government. The war began in the early morning hours of February 13, 1996, with the Maoists launching coordinated attacks against police stations and government buildings in various districts, signifying a shift from political agitation to armed struggle. The insurgents vowed to abolish the monarchy and establish a people's republic based on Marxist-Leninist principles.The roots of the conflict can be traced back to longstanding social inequalities and dissatisfaction with the democratic processes in place since the end of the Panchayat system in the early 1990s. In rural areas, the government was perceived as being ineffective in addressing issues like poverty, land reform, and access to basic services. The Maoists gained traction by tapping into these grievances, harnessing local support through promises of land redistribution and social equity. As a result, the violence escalated, with both sides sustaining heavy casualties and increasing military operations over the following years. The conflict would eventually draw in multiple stakeholders, complicating the situation further.The civil war resulted in significant humanitarian consequences, with thousands displaced and a dramatic increase in human rights abuses reported. The insurgents adopted guerrilla warfare tactics while the government responded with a mix of military and police actions. The conflict continued for over a decade, contributing to a volatile environment in Nepal that would not only challenge the existing political structures but also usher in constitutional changes aimed at greater democratization and federalism in the years to come.