Former President Donald Trump was impeached for the second time by the House of Representatives on January 13, 2021, following the violent insurrection at the U.S. Capitol on January 6, where a mob of his supporters attempted to overturn the results of the 2020 Presidential election. The article of impeachment charged Trump with incitement of insurrection, asserting that his rhetoric on that day encouraged the attack. The Senate trial commenced on February 9, with legal arguments presented by both sides. Trump's defense team argued that he was exercising his First Amendment rights and that he could not be impeached since he was no longer in office.

The trial concluded on February 13, 2021, with the Senate voting 57 to 43, where seven Republican senators joined all Democrats in voting for conviction. Despite the majority vote, the result fell short of the two-thirds majority required for a conviction. Consequently, Trump was acquitted, and he remained eligible to run for office again in the future. The outcome highlighted deep partisan divisions in Congress, revealing contrasting perspectives regarding accountability for the Capitol violence, and questions around the constitutional limits of impeachment.