The occupation of Antofagasta by Chilean forces was the catalyst for the War of the Pacific, a significant military conflict in South America from 1879 to 1884, involving Chile, Bolivia, and Peru. Prior to this event, tensions between Chile and Bolivia had been rising due to disputes over territorial boundaries and trade agreements, particularly concerning Bolivia's coastal access and Chile's interest in the mineral-rich region of the Atacama Desert. The immediate catalyst for the occupation was the Bolivian government's decision to impose a heavy tax on Chilean companies operating in Bolivian territory, which Chile viewed as a direct provocation. In response, Chile established its military presence in Antofagasta, a vital coastal port, effectively annexing the area despite Bolivia's protests.As Chilean forces took control of the city, Bolivia sought assistance from its ally Peru; this alliance set the stage for further military engagements. Following the occupation, Bolivia formally declared war on Chile on March 1, 1879, leading to a broader conflict with Peru joining on the side of Bolivia. This war would drastically change the geopolitical landscape of the region, culminating in Chile's victory and significant territorial gains, including the Bolivian coastal region and southern Peru, ultimately leaving Bolivia landlocked.