The liberation of Mostar by Yugoslav partisans occurred amid fierce fighting during World War II, as part of the larger effort to push back against Axis forces occupying Yugoslavia. The partisans, led by the Yugoslav People's Army and commanded by notable leaders such as Josip Broz Tito, aimed to reclaim territories controlled by the Axis powers, specifically Nazi Germany and their collaborators, the Croatian Ustasha. Mostar, a city rich in historical and cultural significance, had been under occupation, which disrupted the lives of its diverse population. The successful assault on February 14 marked a decisive moment in the campaign to liberate Bosnia, as the partisans utilized guerrilla tactics and gained local support against the occupying forces.

The liberation of Mostar was not only a military achievement but also symbolized the resilience and determination of the Yugoslav people. As the partisans entered the city, they called for unity among different ethnic groups, which was essential given Mostar's ethnically diverse background. The battle was characterized by intense street fighting, with partisans conducting coordinated attacks to overwhelm the defending troops. The strategic importance of Mostar, positioned along the Neretva River, made it a key location for controlling transportation and communication routes.

In the wake of liberation, the city began to recover from the scars of war, allowing for a restoration of civic life and the reunification of communities previously divided by conflict. The triumph in Mostar also provided a morale boost to the partisan movement and inspired further uprisings across Bosnia and Herzegovina. This liberation was crucial in the context of the broader resistance movement, culminating eventually in the defeat of Axis forces in Yugoslavia.