The assembly of Lombard nobles in Pavia catalyzed a vital moment in the early 11th century when they chose to restore Arduin of Ivrea to his rightful domains and crowned him King of Italy. This gathering occurred against a backdrop of political fragmentation and external pressures from the Holy Roman Empire, particularly under the reign of King Otto III, who aimed to consolidate power in northern Italy. Arduin, who had previously held influence in the region, became a symbol of local resistance to foreign rule. His ascent came in a time when many nobles were disillusioned with Otto III's attempts to impose central control through the investiture of Italian territories with foreign rulers who did not represent their autonomous interests.

Pavia, steeped in historical significance, provided a fitting venue for the assembly, as it had been a political and cultural hub for the Lombard Kingdom. The decision to crown Arduin represented not only a personal triumph for him but also a collective assertion of Lombard identity and autonomy. As he took the crown, it was evident that these nobles valued a ruler who was born from their own ranks and understood their needs and aspirations. His coronation was not only about individual power but also about broader questions of sovereignty and regional loyalty.

However, the challenges for King Arduin were immense. His authority faced immediate challenges from Otto III, who wanted to regain complete control over Italy. The conflict soon escalated, leading to continual strife as various factions aligned either with Arduin or with Otto. This tension highlighted the ongoing struggle between local rulers and the overarching ambitions of the Holy Roman Empire during that era.