The Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) was officially incorporated on February 16, 1881, by an act of the Parliament of Canada in Ottawa. The vision for the railway stemmed from both economic necessity and national ambition, as it was intended to unite Canada from coast to coast. The CPR aimed to facilitate the movement of goods, services, and people across the vast and diverse landscapes of Canada. At the time, the Canadian government was seeking to encourage westward expansion and settlement, as well as to solidify national unity following the confederation in 1867.

The railway's construction was not just about transportation; it was also a response to the Canadian government's promise to British Columbia when the province joined Confederation, requiring a transcontinental railway as a condition of entry. The CPR's charter was granted to a private corporation, led by notable entrepreneurs such as Sir Hugh Allan and Sir John A. Macdonald. The financial backing and political support were crucial in overcoming the logistical challenges that lay ahead.

As construction progressed, it encountered numerous obstacles, including rugged terrain, financial issues, and labor shortages. However, the CPR achieved its goal of connecting the eastern provinces with the Pacific Coast, leading to increased immigration, economic growth, and the establishment of new communities along its route. The railway played a pivotal role in shaping Canada’s identity and enabling its development into a nation with accessible travel and trade routes.