The Ukrainian People's Republic (UPR), established in the aftermath of the Russian Revolution, found itself in a precarious position in early 1919. As Bolshevik forces pushed into Ukraine, the UPR's existence was under severe threat, prompting its leaders to seek international assistance. On February 17, they formally reached out to the Allied powers, notably the Entente, which included countries like France and Britain, as well as the United States. The appeal was a strategic move aiming to bolster their defenses against the advancing Red Army, which sought to extend Soviet control over Ukraine.

The UPR had been declared in 1917 and had experienced a tumultuous existence, oscillating between influences from neighboring powers and internal strife. The country was dealing with economic instability, a lack of military resources, and internal divisions among various political factions, making the situation dire. By seeking aid from the Entente, the UPR aimed not only for military support but also for international recognition as a legitimate sovereign entity.

The response from the Entente powers was cautious, reflecting the complex geopolitical landscape of the time. While there was a certain level of sympathy for the Ukrainian cause, the commitment of resources was hampered by the Entente's own challenges in the ongoing World War I, as well as differing priorities among the Allied powers. Despite these challenges, the UPR's appeal drew international attention to Ukraine’s plight, highlighting the broader struggle for nationalist movements in the post-war context of Eastern Europe.