The legislature of the Hawaii Territory met for its first session, signifying a crucial development in the political framework of the islands. Established after the annexation of Hawaii by the United States in 1898, this body consisted of two chambers: a House of Representatives with 30 members and a Senate with 15 members. The inaugural session convened at the newly constructed Capitol building in Honolulu, a location that would become central to Hawaii's legislative activities. Governor Sanford B. Dole, a prominent political figure and former president of the Republic of Hawaii, presided over the session, facilitating discussions regarding the governance and administration of the territory.

During this session, representatives focused on laying the groundwork for various laws and regulations that were needed to maintain order and governance in this newly annexed territory. Issues such as land ownership, taxation, and the establishment of local governance were among the critical topics addressed. The legislature's formation was part of a broader effort to integrate Hawaii into the United States, fostering a political system that resembled that of the continental states.

The first legislative session not only allowed local leaders to voice their concerns and needs but also represented a shift in governance, moving away from monarchical rule to a structured legislative process. Over time, the effects of this convention would reshape Hawaii's political landscape and pave the way for its future statehood. This initial gathering laid a foundational understanding of representative governance and signaled the beginning of a democratic process for the islands.