The Battle of Valverde took place during the early months of the American Civil War in New Mexico Territory. The conflict arose as part of the Confederacy's attempt to seize control of the southwestern territories, which held strategic importance for supply routes and potential mineral wealth. Colonel Henry H. Sibley led the Confederate forces into New Mexico with the aim of capturing Fort Craig and ultimately advancing to California to secure additional resources for the Confederate war effort. Meanwhile, the Union forces, commanded by Colonel Edward R. S. Canby, were tasked with defending the area against this invasion.

The battle commenced on February 21, 1862, near Fort Craig where Sibley's troops encountered Canby's forces. After initial skirmishes, the engagement escalated, showcasing the tactical maneuvers employed by both sides. Confederate cavalry and foot soldiers engaged in fierce combat with Union troops, with the Confederates attempting to outflank and overwhelm Canby's forces. Although the fight was marked by high casualties on both sides, Confederate forces gained the upper hand by effectively deploying artillery and conducting strategic assaults. By the day's end, the Confederates had forced Canby to withdraw, marking a tactical victory for Sibley.

However, despite the success at Valverde, the Confederacy's long-term objectives would not be met. The Union would regroup and reinforce their position in the territory, staving off further advances by Sibley’s troops. This battle served as an important point in the conflict, highlighting the challenges both sides faced in terms of logistics and troop morale. The aftermath of Valverde influenced military strategies and decisions throughout the Civil War, especially in the context of the Western theater.