The Battle of Tugela Heights was part of a series of confrontations during the Second Boer War, fought between British troops and the forces of the Boer Republics, namely the Transvaal and the Orange Free State. As the British sought to advance towards the crucial city of Ladysmith in Natal, they identified Hart's Hill as a key tactical objective. The hill's capture was vital for gaining control over the surrounding area and breaking the Boer siege on the garrison at Ladysmith. On February 23, 1900, British forces launched their first attempt to take Hart's Hill, which was heavily defended by Boer troops under the command of General Louis Botha.

Despite a well-organized strategy and the deployment of artillery, the British faced fierce resistance from the well-entrenched Boers, who utilized the terrain effectively. The engagement escalated into a fierce battle characterized by trench warfare tactics and intense small-arms fire. British commanders underestimated the resolve and strategic capabilities of the Boers, leading to considerable casualties and ultimately a withdrawal. This battle was emblematic of the difficulties the British encountered, marking a shift in their approach as they sought to adapt to the unconventional warfare styles of their opponents.

The failure to capture Hart's Hill not only demonstrated the effectiveness of Boer defensive strategies but also highlighted the need for the British forces to reevaluate their tactics in order to achieve their national objective of subduing the Boer republics. The defeat contributed to a mission creep that saw the British employ more resources and manpower, growing the conflict into one of significant proportions as the war dragged on.