Khosrow II, also known as Khosrow Parviz, was the last effective monarch of the Sasanian Empire, reigning amidst a time of military challenges and economic decline. By the late 620s, the empire had suffered significant defeats, notably against the Byzantine Empire and faced internal strife exacerbated by heavy taxation and a series of revolts. His autocratic rule alienated many of the Persian nobility and military leaders, creating an environment ripe for dissent. Khosrow's ambitious campaigns to restore former glory had, unfortunately, left his kingdom weakened and divided. Amidst this backdrop, Khosrow’s son, Kavad II, emerged as a prominent figure, rallying discontented factions of the nobility and military forces against his father.

In February 628, Kavad II orchestrated a coup, capitalizing on the growing dissatisfaction with Khosrow II’s leadership. The revolt was swift, and Khosrow II was captured, leading to his execution. What followed was a sudden power shift, as Kavad II not only took the throne but also expedited the surrender of the monarchy to a council of nobles, signaling a critical realignment of power within the empire. This act of betrayal shattered the legitimacy of Khosrow II and illustrated the fragility of the Sasanian rule, as well as the rise of factions that would eventually lead to the empire’s destabilization.