At the Battle of Karnal, Nader Shah's Persian forces confronted the Mughal army commanded by Emperor Muhammad Shah. The battle took place near Karnal, a city that would become synonymous with this dramatic clash of powers. Nader Shah arranged his troops strategically, taking advantage of superior tactics and the element of surprise. The Mughal army, despite its size, was poorly organized and unprepared for the onslaught of the well-trained Persian soldiers. The battle commenced on February 24, 1739, and concluded in a decisive victory for Nader Shah, resulting in heavy casualties for the Mughal forces, who were left floundering in the face of the relentless assault. Nader's victory was not merely a military achievement; it was also a demonstration of the decline of Mughal power in India, as once-dominant rulers succumbed to the might of a new adversary.Following the battle, Nader Shah captured Delhi, which allowed him to loot the city and solidify his control over vast swathes of Indian territory. The aftermath saw much of the wealth of the Mughal Empire transferred to Persia, including the famous Peacock Throne. This battle highlighted the fragility of the Mughal Empire and the shifting balance of power in India as emerging forces began to lay claim to its vast domains.