In 1946, Juan Domingo Perón, a former colonel and Minister of Labor, achieved a significant political milestone by being elected as the President of Argentina. His political rise was fueled by his deep connections to the labor movement and his partnership with Eva Perón, who became an iconic figure in their shared political vision. The elections were characterized by a shift towards populism, as Perón garnered support from a broad coalition of labor unions, socialists, and working-class citizens. His platform focused on labor rights, social welfare, and economic independence, appealing to the aspiring middle class. Campaigning on promises of social justice, Perón's rhetoric resonated widely against the backdrop of increasing discontent with the previous conservative regimes.

During the election campaign, Perón emphasized a nationalistic approach, which included an agenda of economic modernization and industrialization. His connections through organized labor also played a pivotal role in mobilizing the electorate, making his coalition particularly strong amidst growing social unrest. The election was a reflection of the aspirations of many Argentinians for a government that would address their socio-economic challenges, positioning Perón as a champion for the working class. His candidacy received significant assistance from his wife, Eva Perón, who established herself as an influential political figure in her own right, advocating for women’s rights and social equality.

Perón's victory not only marked the beginning of a new political era in Argentina but laid the foundations for Peronism, a movement defined by its populist, nationalistic, and labor-oriented ideology. This political philosophy would dominate Argentine politics for decades, influencing both parties and political dynamics in the country. By using extensive propaganda and establishing a strong connection with the masses through various social programs, Perón positioned himself as the voice of the people, and his administration began implementing reforms that aimed to improve the lives of the working class.