The Naroda Patiya and Gulbarg Society massacres occurred amid the widespread riots that engulfed Gujarat, particularly during February and March, following the Godhra train burning. Tensions between Hindu and Muslim communities had been ongoing, influenced by political and socio-economic factors. The violence at Naroda Patiya saw groups of rioters targeting Muslim homes and businesses, leading to extensive loss of life and injuries. Victims were often trapped with little chance of escape while their attackers moved through the area with apparent impunity. Similarly, the Gulbarg Society massacre took place when a mob descended upon the housing society, where several families had taken refuge. Many residents were brutally killed, and homes were set ablaze, further illustrating the chaos that resulted from systemic communal strife.

The official response from state authorities was heavily criticized for being inadequate. Many eyewitnesses reported police officers who stood by without intervening as violence unfolded. This lack of governmental protection for the local population exacerbated the situation and fueled further mistrust between communities. The repercussions of these acts of violence not only led to an immediate humanitarian crisis but also left a long-lasting impact on communal relations in Gujarat and India as a whole. Survivors were left traumatized, and many were displaced, facing challenges in rebuilding their lives.