Greece Achieves Independence from Ottoman Empire
February 3rd, 1830
February 3rd, 1830

How Long Ago?
195 years, 1 month, 12 days ago
Location
London, United Kingdom
Category
Politics & Government
War/Conflict
Greek War of Independence
People
- Ioannis Kapodistrias
- George Canning
- Louis Philippe
- Count Aleksandr Sergeyevich Menshikov
Links & References
Tags
Greece Achieves Independence from Ottoman Empire
The London Protocol was signed, establishing Greece's full independence from the Ottoman Empire. The agreement was the culmination of a decade-long struggle known as the Greek War of Independence, which had begun in 1821. The Great Powers, comprised of the United Kingdom, France, and Russia, played a crucial role in mediating the conflict and ensuring the establishment of a sovereign Greek state. The Protocol outlined the borders of Greece and affirmed its status as a sovereign nation in the eyes of Europe.
Greece's borders defined in the London Protocol.
Protocol signed by Great Powers of Europe.
Ioannis Kapodistrias became Greece's first governor.
Inspired nationalist movements across Europe.
What Happened?
The London Protocol emerged from a protracted struggle for Greek independence that began in 1821 against Ottoman rule. By the late 1820s, significant battles, including the pivotal Battle of Navarino, drew the attention of the Great Powers of Europe, who were increasingly sympathetic to the Greek cause. Following interventions from Britain, France, and Russia, the groundwork for an independent Greek state was laid. The Protocol was signed by representatives from these nations in London, marking an institutional commitment to Greek sovereignty.
The document specified the geographical boundaries of Greece, which included areas surrounding the Morea peninsula and parts of central Greece. Notably, the Protocol also included provisions for securing the rights of the Greek population left outside the newly defined borders. The Great Powers recognized the need for stability in the region and sought to prevent further conflict by solidifying Greek independence. The recognition of Greece's sovereignty officially concluded the Greek War of Independence, encouraging nationalist movements across Europe.
In the broader context, the London Protocol was significant as it showcased the diminishing power of the Ottoman Empire and highlighted the impact of nationalistic aspirations in the 19th century. The agreement helped forge a new narrative where smaller states could emerge as sovereign nations through the support of more powerful states. The establishment of Greece as a nation also inspired similar movements in the Balkans and beyond, contributing to the eventual reconfiguration of national boundaries and identities in Europe as the century progressed.
Why Does it Matter?
The London Protocol represents a key turning point in 19th-century nationalism and imperial politics. It is interesting because it illustrates how international diplomacy can directly affect regional politics and national identity. Greece's independence nurtured a spirit of nationalism that resonated throughout Europe, encouraging independence movements in other regions oppressed by empires.
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