In a move that acknowledged changing dynamics within the British monarchy, Queen Elizabeth II issued an Order-in-Council in 1960, allowing her descendants to adopt the surname Mountbatten-Windsor. This new surname combined both her family name and that of her husband, Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, who belonged to the House of Mountbatten. The decision was significant, as it represented a departure from the long-standing tradition of royal surnames. Traditionally, British royals would not use a surname at all, making this proclamation a modernizing gesture that reflected the evolving nature of the monarchy amidst societal changes in post-war Britain.

The announcement aimed to provide clarity regarding the family name of royal descendants, particularly for children born after 1960. It emphasized a sense of belonging to both the Royal House and the familial lineage of Prince Philip. This blending of names symbolized a recognition of Philip's heritage while maintaining the identity of the Windsor dynasty, founded by her great-great-grandfather, King Edward VII. Notably, this decision was also influenced by public sentiment towards the royal family during a time marked by increasing media scrutiny and a desire for relatability within the monarchy.

The Order-in-Council offered a practical solution for the growing royal family, ensuring that titles and surnames would be streamlined for future generations. It demonstrated Queen Elizabeth's willingness to adapt royal traditions in response to contemporary values, illustrating a nuanced understanding of her role as a monarch in a changing society. This decision highlighted the importance of the family unit while balancing the expectations of royal duties and public perception.