In the early years of the United States, weather observation was a sporadic endeavor primarily handled by local agencies and private individuals. The growing reliance on accurate weather data for agriculture, commerce, and navigation highlighted the need for a more organized approach to meteorological services. Ulysses S. Grant, recognizing this need, approved a joint resolution that led to the establishment of the U.S. Weather Bureau on February 9, 1870. This governmental agency, operating under the Department of Agriculture, was set up to collect weather observations and disseminate forecasts nationwide.

The Weather Bureau's creation represented an important shift in the federal government's approach to weather services, moving towards an organized system of data collection, analysis, and distribution. It was tasked with issuing weather reports, warnings, and scientific information to the public and various sectors, particularly agriculture and transportation, where weather plays a critical role. This initiative was particularly timely, as the post-Civil War era saw rapid economic development, including the expansion of the railroads and agricultural practices that required reliable weather information.

The institution made significant strides over the decades, culminating in advancements in meteorology, including the introduction of standardized weather observations and the eventual adoption of forecasting methods. As a result, the Weather Bureau played a profound role in enhancing public safety by providing timely weather alerts and fostering a broader understanding of atmospheric science. Its legacy continues today, having evolved into the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), which provides comprehensive weather services.