The Battle of Toro was a significant military encounter during the tumultuous period of the late 15th century, marked by the personal and political rivalries that characterized the Iberian Peninsula. Following the death of King Henry IV of Castile in 1474, a power struggle erupted over the legitimacy of his daughter's claim to the throne, leading various factions to vie for control. Afonso V of Portugal supported his son Prince John’s claim to the Castilian throne, which intensified the conflict with the Catholic Monarchs, Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile, who were trying to secure their own authority and unify Spain.

Fought on March 1, 1476, near Toro in Zamora, the battle unfolded as a fierce engagement, with both sides exhibiting notable bravery. The forces of Ferdinand and Isabella proved to be steadfast in their defense of their claims, as they had ambitions not only for Castile but also for uniting the crowns of Aragon and Castile through strategic marriages and alliances. Despite the intensity of the fighting, the battle concluded inconclusively, with significant losses on both sides yet failing to decisively change the political landscape.

The aftermath of the battle emphasized the ongoing conflicts within the region. Although Ferdinand and Isabella were unable to achieve a clear victory, their endurance at Toro demonstrated their determination to maintain their power against foreign influences. The conflict continued for several more years until the eventual conclusion of the War of the Castilian Succession in 1479 solidified their rule and shaped the future of Spain.