The Articles of Confederation, the first constitution of the United States, was ratified after all thirteen states agreed to the document. Maryland's ratification on March 1, 1781, was the final step in a lengthy process that began in 1777, reflecting the difficulty of uniting the diverse and often conflicting interests of the individual states. The Articles established a loose confederation that vested certain powers in a central government, such as military affairs and foreign diplomacy, while reserving significant powers to the states themselves. A key feature of the Articles was the establishment of a Congress where each state had one vote, ensuring equal representation regardless of size or population.

The Articles of Confederation set the stage for a new national identity, as the states began to function under a single legal framework. However, the weaknesses inherent in the Articles quickly became apparent. The national government lacked the power to levy taxes, regulate commerce, or enforce laws. This led to financial instability and difficulties in dealing with foreign nations and internal strife. The inability to raise troops or fund a national military further highlighted the limitations of the central government.

The shortcomings of the Articles prompted calls for reform as various leaders recognized the need for a stronger federal authority. This ultimately led to the Constitutional Convention of 1787 where the current U.S. Constitution was created, establishing a balance of power between the federal and state governments. The transition from the Articles to a stronger federal government marked a significant evolution in the governance of the United States, taking the country from a loose federation to a more cohesive national entity.