The establishment of the Empire of Vietnam in March 1945 represented an important shift in Vietnam's political landscape under Japanese occupation during World War II. As Japan's hold on Indochina became increasingly precarious, the Japanese government believed that granting Vietnam a semblance of autonomy could help stabilize its control over the region. On this occasion, a new administration was formed, with the former Emperor Bao Dai being appointed as its figurehead, while Nguyen Van Tam served as Prime Minister. The Japanese aimed to cultivate goodwill and leverage local sentiments against the French colonial administration that had dominated Vietnam prior to their arrival.

The formation of the Empire also led to the establishment of the nationalist Viet Minh movement gaining momentum during this period. The Japanese occupation government faced challenges enforcing authority, and some Vietnamese viewed the capitulation to Japan as an opportunity to reclaim national sovereignty, igniting a complex interplay of collaboration and resistance. This culminated in rising nationalist sentiments that would eventually spur Vietnam's quest for independence following the end of World War II.

As the war turned against Japan, the precarious nature of the Empire came under further strain. By the time Japan surrendered in September, the political environment was drastically altered. Vietnam was ripe for change, leading to the August Revolution and ultimately, the proclamation of independence by the Viet Minh.