A Fatah group executed a hijacking of an Israeli bus traveling along the coastal road near Haifa, leading to a violent confrontation that resulted in the deaths of 37 civilians and injuries to more than 70 others. The hijacking was not isolated but part of a broader Palestinian strategy to challenge Israeli sovereignty and security during a turbulent period marked by ongoing conflict. As the militants seized control of the vehicle, they aimed to create panic and draw international attention to their cause. In response to this heinous act, Israel launched Operation Litani, which involved a significant military incursion into southern Lebanon. This operation was intended to target Palestinian bases believed to be responsible for the bus attack, showcasing Israel's determination to combat perceived threats on its borders. The hijacking and subsequent military action escalated tensions in the already volatile region, leading to a series of retaliatory measures by both sides.

The significance of this incident lies in its impact on Israeli-Palestinian relations, as well as its contribution to the unfolding conflict in Lebanon. The event heightened fears and led to increased military activities in southern Lebanon, influencing future Israeli operations in the region. Moreover, the hijacking marked a pivotal moment in shifting military engagements between Israel and Palestinian groups, setting a precedent for future guerilla tactics and militarized responses. The Coastal Road massacre became a reference point for escalating violence and complicated international efforts to broker peace in the area, emphasizing the fragility of regional stability during this period.