Bob Hawke's rise to Prime Minister followed the Australian Labor Party's victory in the federal election, where they defeated the incumbent Liberal-National coalition led by Prime Minister Malcolm Fraser. Hawke, known for his charismatic personality and comprehensive understanding of labor and economic issues, brought with him a promise of reform that appealed broadly to the electorate. His campaign focused on key issues such as job creation, improved education, and healthcare access, as well as addressing the rising concerns over the economy in the wake of previous downturns.

The election, which saw a shift in voter sentiment, was largely influenced by the economic challenges faced by Australia in the preceding years, including high unemployment rates and inflation. Hawke's leadership was characterized by a cooperative approach with trade unions, business interests, and the broader community, promoting a national economic strategy. His government was marked by significant policy reforms, including advances in social equity and workers' rights, which transformed the socio-economic landscape of Australia.

Upon his appointment, Hawke emphasized national unity and inclusiveness, aiming to mend divisions that had arisen in Australian society. His government enacted policies that significantly evolved the role of government in managing the economy and social policies, setting the foundation for future administrations. Hawke's tenure is often remembered for its progressive nature and for laying down comprehensive policies that would influence Australian politics for decades.