The journey to Mauritian independence began in the post-World War II era, amidst a wave of decolonization across Africa and Asia. The island had been a British colony since 1810, following the Napoleonic Wars when it was ceded to Britain. Throughout the 20th century, various political parties emerged, with the Labour Party, led by Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam, advocating for greater autonomy and rights for the Mauritian populace. In 1965, the British government proposed a federal constitution that did not meet the aspirations of many Mauritians, leading to increased calls for full independence.

In 1967, a referendum was held in which the majority of the population voted in favor of independence. Following successful negotiations with British authorities, the independent Constitution of Mauritius was drafted. The Mauritius Independence Act was passed in the UK Parliament, culminating in the official transfer of power on March 12, 1968. Hundreds of thousands of Mauritians celebrated this newfound freedom, as Ramgoolam became the first Prime Minister of an independent Mauritius. This period also heralded a new era of political and economic development for the country.

Independence brought about a rapid transformation in Mauritius, with significant changes in governance, education, and economic policies to reflect nationalistic sentiments and aspirations. The multi-ethnic society of Mauritius began to focus on unity and development, laying the groundwork for a diverse and burgeoning economy. Moreover, the new government emphasized social welfare programs, labor rights, and education reforms, which ultimately played a crucial role in the country’s subsequent development and stability.