The siege of Rome by the Ostrogoths under King Vitiges is a notable conflict during the Gothic War between the Byzantine Empire and the Ostrogothic Kingdom. After a prolonged siege beginning in 537, Vitiges aimed to capture Rome, a key city and symbol of power. However, the Byzantine general Belisarius mounted a robust defense, utilizing both strategic fortifications and clever military tactics to repel the Ostrogothic forces.

As the siege continued, the Ostrogoths faced formidable challenges, including a lack of resources and diminishing morale among their troops. Despite their initial successes, the relentless resistance put forth by the defenders, combined with Belisarius's counteroffensive measures, placed significant strain on Vitiges's forces. Faced with the prospect of a prolonged stalemate and dwindling supplies, Vitiges ultimately made the decision to retreat to Ravenna, abandoning his siege.

This retreat signified a critical victory for Belisarius and the Byzantine Empire, reinforcing their military presence in Italy. The fall of Rome was a symbolic blow to the Ostrogoths, who sought recognition as the rightful rulers of the region, and it further solidified the Byzantine claim to restoring the Roman Empire. By leaving Rome, Vitiges not only lost a key strategic position but also weakened the Ostrogothic control in Italy, prompting subsequent military engagements.