The Siege of Khartoum started in March 1884, precipitated by the rise of the Mahdist movement in Sudan. Muhammad Ahmad, proclaiming himself the Mahdi, rallied forces against the Anglo-Egyptian administration, urging a jihad against foreign rule. General Charles Gordon, who had previously governed Sudan, was sent back to the region by the British government to oversee the evacuation of Sudanese civilians and manage the military situation. However, upon his arrival, he found himself trapped with dwindling supplies as the Mahdist forces swiftly laid siege to the city of Khartoum.

Gordon's leadership became a focal point during the siege. He attempted to fortify the city and negotiate with the besieging forces, but the Mahdists were determined to capture Khartoum. Over the months, conditions deteriorated inside the city, where civilians and troops alike faced starvation. Despite pleas for assistance, British efforts to relieve the siege were delayed, leading to increasing desperation among the inhabitants.

As the siege progressed, tensions escalated. Gordon became a symbol of British resolve amidst the civil unrest and resistance in Sudan. The siege continued until January 26, 1885, when the Mahdist forces finally breached the city walls, resulting in an intense and bloody confrontation. The impact of the siege reverberated across the British Empire, stimulating debates regarding colonial policy and military strategy in foreign territories.