In March 1979, the New Jewel Movement, a leftist political organization spearheaded by Maurice Bishop, carried out a coup d'état to remove longtime Grenadian Prime Minister Eric Gairy from power. Gairy's administration had faced increasing opposition for its draconian measures, including censorship, repression of dissent, and allegations of corruption and mismanagement. Over the years, public discontent had been growing, and various factions within Grenada united under the New Jewel Movement to confront the government's authority.

The coup unfolded in a climate of unrest, with numerous protests and riots having highlighted the populace's dissatisfaction. On March 13, the rebels moved decisively, seizing strategic locations in the capital city of St. George's. The operation was notable for being relatively bloodless, as government troops were either unprepared or chose not to resist the well-coordinated insurgents. By the end of the day, Gairy had fled into exile, marking a dramatic shift in governance. Maurice Bishop emerged as the new leader, promising social reforms, education initiatives, and economic stability under the principles of socialism.

The aftermath of the coup saw many changes in Grenada. The New Jewel Movement promoted policies that aimed to enhance literacy, health care, and public welfare, aligning the country more closely with Cuba and the Soviet Union, precipitating a new phase in Grenada's foreign policy. However, the new government would face its challenges, particularly heightened tensions with the United States and neighboring Caribbean nations. This transformation not only altered Grenada's domestic landscape but also shaped the geopolitical dynamics of the Caribbean region.