Operation Litani was a significant military action undertaken by the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) targeting southern Lebanon. The operation was prompted by increasing violence from Palestinian militant groups, particularly those aligned with the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), which had been launching attacks into northern Israel. On March 14, 1978, the IDF crossed into Lebanon, marking the start of a seven-day operation intending to create a security buffer zone in the region. The Israeli forces quickly advanced into southern Lebanon, capturing key territories and moving towards the Litani River. By the end of the operation, Israeli troops had occupied a significant area, effectively pushing back PLO forces and establishing a temporary presence in the region.The military action drew widespread international attention and raised tensions in the Middle East. The immediate objective was to stabilize northern Israel by eliminating the threat of cross-border raids. However, the operation's broader implications led to discussions about the IDF's military strategy and its impact on the Lebanese civilian population, raising issues of accountability and humanitarian concerns. The operation also contributed to a greater complexity in Israeli-Lebanese relations, as it set a precedent for future military engagements and interventions by Israel in Lebanon.