In what would become a landmark meeting in the journey toward Australian federation, representatives from five colonies gathered in Melbourne to draft and adopt a constitution that would serve as a foundational document for the Commonwealth of Australia. The colonies involved were New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, South Australia, and Western Australia. This constitution sought to reconcile the diverse interests and identities of the colonies, advocating for a federal system that allowed for both local governance and a united national framework.

The discussions revolved around ensuring that the rights and interests of both individual colonies and the nation as a whole were protected. Delegates debated issues such as parliamentary representation, the powers of the federal government versus the state governments, and the rights of citizens. With members from various political backgrounds and perspectives, the drafting process also illustrated the complexities of uniting separate colonies into a cohesive federation.

The outcome of this convention had significant repercussions for Australia, as the adopted constitution would eventually be put to a public referendum process. Following support from the electorate, it would be enacted, giving birth to the Commonwealth of Australia in the early 20th century. Thus, the events in Melbourne marked a crucial turning point in Australian political development and national identity.