The incursion of the 7th and 10th US cavalry regiments, commanded by General John J. Pershing, into Mexico marked a significant moment in the US-Mexico relations during the tumultuous period of the Mexican Revolution. It was initiated in response to the violent raid on Columbus, New Mexico, by Pancho Villa and his armed forces on March 9, 1916. The attack resulted in the deaths of over a dozen Americans and sparked outrage in the United States. In pursuit of justice and to quell further unrest, the US government authorized military action into Mexican territory, highlighting the complexities of US interests in the region.Pershing was appointed to lead the punitive expedition, which included approximately 10,000 troops. The operation began on March 14, 1916, and crossed into Mexico two days later, with the aim of capturing Villa. The expedition faced numerous challenges, including difficult terrain, logistical issues, and the complex political landscape of Mexico. Despite initial successes in tracking Villa's forces, the cavalry units struggled to find him, leading to a prolonged expedition filled with skirmishes and engagements with other revolutionary factions. The incursion was not without controversy, as it strained diplomatic relations between the US and Mexico, and posed questions about US military policies and actions in foreign territories. The expedition ultimately failed to capture Villa but instead underscored the US military's readiness to act abroad. The operation lasted until February 1917, influencing future US dealings in Latin America and setting precedents for interventionist policies.