The March Constitution of the Second Polish Republic was adopted to formalize democratic governance and establish a legal framework for the new state. It was shaped following over a century of partitions and foreign rule. Shortly after the end of World War I, Poland regained its independence, and there was an urgent need to create a constitution that echoed the values of democracy and civil rights. The constitutional assembly worked tirelessly to develop a document that would foster national unity while recognizing the rights of various ethnicities within Poland. The constitution instituted a parliamentary system that emphasized the separation of powers, emphasizing the role of the President, Parliament, and judiciary in governance.

One of the most significant features of the March Constitution was its commitment to civil liberties and equality before the law. It asserted the importance of political rights, including the right to vote and to participate in public life. Moreover, it aimed to provide a balance between state authority and individual freedoms. The constitution faced challenges from both conservatives and leftists, reflecting Poland's diverse political landscape. Despite the tensions, it laid the groundwork for Poland’s legal and political identity during a tumultuous period.

The functioning of the March Constitution would soon be tested through political instability, economic turmoil, and growing tensions amongst various political factions. Nonetheless, it represented a crucial step in Poland's state-building efforts and was a testament to the aspirations for a modern and democratic society. Over the next two decades, various amendments were made to the Constitution, reflecting ongoing debates about governance and rights in the Polish state.