The second Peace of Riga was a pivotal agreement reached between Poland and the Soviet Union, officially bringing an end to the Polish-Soviet War, which had erupted after World War I over territorial disputes and control in Eastern Europe. Held in Riga, Latvia, the negotiations involved representatives from both nations working to reach a consensus on border demarcation. The treaty resulted in Poland acquiring substantial territories that were previously under Russian rule, impacting the demographics and political landscape of the region. Key discussions involved the economic resources and strategic advantages these territories provided to Poland, which was keen on solidifying its newly gained independence.

In addition to territorial arrangements, the treaty also established protocols for future diplomatic relations between the two countries, emphasizing the need for peaceful coexistence following a period of intense conflict. The negotiations were complicated due to external influences and the historical animosities that characterized Polish-Soviet relations. Both sides sought to ensure their national interests while attempting to bring a semblance of stability to a region still reeling from the consequences of the Great War.

The signing of the Peace of Riga marked a significant moment in European history, both politically and culturally. It not only redrawn the borders but also laid the groundwork for Poland's national identity and its aspirations in the post-war era. The agreement also had long-term implications for Soviet policies in Eastern Europe and the dynamics of power that would evolve in the interwar period.