The announcement of Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus, popularly called Caligula, as the new emperor marked a significant shift in ancient Roman leadership following the death of Emperor Tiberius. Tiberius had ruled for over 22 years, and his death on March 16, 37 AD led to a power vacuum and intense political maneuvering within the Roman Senate. Tiberius had stipulated in his will that his estate should be inherited by his unscrupulous and tyrannical grandson, but the Senate, influenced by political advisors and certain factions, deemed the will unacceptable. They sought to restore stability, opting for the declaration of Caligula as the new sovereign, which would appeal to the populace eager for a new direction following Tiberius’s despised rule.

Caligula's rise to power was met with initial enthusiasm. His youth and the promise of a fresh governance style were exciting prospects for a populace weary of Tiberius' oppressive policies. Caligula was seen as a potential liberator who could usher in a new era of prosperity and joy. His early reign was characterized by various popular reforms, ceremonial splendor, and efforts to ensure the support of the army and the broader populace of Rome, as he distanced himself from Tiberius' legacy.

However, this early popularity would quickly turn into controversy. Caligula's approach to ruling became increasingly erratic, featuring extravagant festivities and an affinity for personal indulgence. He was known for his unpredictability and growing tyranny, leading to infamous actions such as declaring himself a god and executing rivals without trials. This era ultimately laid the groundwork for growing discontent that would lead to his assassination in 41 AD, showing the volatility and fragility of imperial power in ancient Rome.