In 1885, tensions escalated between the Métis people and the Canadian government over land rights and political representation in the North-West Territories. The situation unfolded against a backdrop of dissatisfaction linked to the influx of settlers and the accompanying marginalization of Indigenous populations. Louis Riel, an influential Métis leader, returned from exile in the United States to rally his people and advocate for their rights. Recognizing the urgent need to take action, Riel called for the establishment of a provisional government to represent Métis interests and those of other groups unhappy with government policies.

On March 19, 1885, in Batoche, Saskatchewan, Riel publicly proclaimed the creation of the provisional government. This declaration was supported by a gathering of Métis, who were deeply concerned about their land's future and the threat posed by increasing number of settlers. Riel's leadership aimed to protect Métis claims, preserve their culture, and secure favorable terms from the Canadian government. He sought not only a fair agreement regarding land but also autonomy for the Métis community. The declaration marked a pivotal moment, igniting what would become the North-West Rebellion, a complex conflict involving various Indigenous groups and settlers.

As the rebellion progressed, it drew attention across Canada, eventually escalating into military confrontation. Riel’s vision for Métis governance was initially met with enthusiasm but also faced considerable opposition from both settlers and the larger Canadian government, leading to a series of armed conflicts. The provisional government served as a unifying force for those marginalized by the dominant Euro-Canadian political structure, elevating issues of rights and representation to a national conversation.