The coup led by General Ne Win in Burma transformed the political landscape of the country. In the years leading up to the coup, Burma experienced considerable instability, marked by economic challenges, ethnic strife, and political disarray. After gaining independence from British colonial rule in 1948, the nation struggled to maintain a cohesive government, leading to rising discontent among the populace. Amidst this chaotic environment, Ne Win, who was the commander-in-chief of the armed forces, capitalized on the situation and initiated a coup that would drastically alter the nation's governance.

On the night of March 2, Ne Win’s army seized critical points across the country, including government buildings and communication centers. He proclaimed the establishment of a Revolutionary Council, thus abolishing the existing parliament and introducing direct military governance. The coup was almost bloodless initially but marked the beginning of an era of stringent military control that would suppress any form of political dissent. Ne Win implemented the ‘Burmese Way to Socialism’, which aimed to centralize economic control and nationalize key industries, further isolating Burma from international influence.

The years following the coup were marked by authoritarian rule. Under Ne Win, civil liberties were largely curtailed, and opposition was met with harsh repression. Political parties were banned, and the state apparatus was used to maintain control over society. In the long run, these measures led to further civil unrest and pro-democracy movements, culminating in the struggle for democracy that continued into the late 20th century.