Operation Rolling Thunder was initiated as part of the United States' military strategy to exert pressure on North Vietnam and support the government of South Vietnam in the escalating Vietnam War. This initiative began on March 2, 1965, and involved a series of air strikes aimed at damaging the North Vietnamese infrastructure, military capabilities, and morale. The plan entailed a gradual escalation that allowed for an increase in the intensity of bombing missions over time, primarily executed by U.S. Air Force and Navy pilots, alongside the Republic of Vietnam Air Force. The air raids targeted a variety of infrastructure, including bridges, railroads, supply depots, and military installations.The primary motivations behind Operation Rolling Thunder included the intent to deter North Vietnam’s support for the Viet Cong insurgency in South Vietnam and to demonstrate U.S. resolve in preventing the spread of communism in Southeast Asia. The campaign was characterized by its strategic bombing philosophy, which aimed to create a psychological impact on the North Vietnamese leadership and populace. Despite intentions, the campaign became increasingly controversial due to its limited effectiveness in achieving its objectives and the significant civilian casualties that resulted from the bombings. As the campaign progressed, the North Vietnamese adapted their strategies, leading to an intense air-land war that would last for several more years.Throughout the operation, U.S. military leadership adjusted their tactics as they faced growing challenges. The use of bombing was met with international criticism and raised questions about the ethical implications of such a warfare strategy. The campaign would eventually escalate, leading to even larger military engagements and the introduction of ground troops into Vietnam. The psychological and political ramifications of Operation Rolling Thunder would reverberate in American society, influencing public perception of the Vietnam War over the subsequent years.