Tunisia's journey to independence from French colonial rule was marked by significant socio-political changes and a growing nationalist movement. The protectorate status imposed by France in 1881 faced increasing opposition throughout the early 20th century, especially after World War II, which weakened European dominance. Leaders like Habib Bourguiba emerged as prominent figures in the nationalist movement, advocating for civil rights and self-determination. Bourguiba's Neo Destour party played a crucial role by mobilizing the populace against colonial authorities and establishing a clear agenda for independence.

The culmination of these efforts led to a series of negotiations between the French government and Tunisian representatives in early 1956. On March 20, an agreement was reached, officially ending the protectorate. The treaty ensured the transition of sovereignty to Tunisia and set the stage for the formation of an independent government. Celebrations erupted across the nation, showcasing a collective sense of achievement among Tunisians who had long fought for their rights and autonomy.

The newly established government, under Bourguiba’s leadership, embarked on various reforms aimed at modernizing the nation and addressing social inequalities. The independence marked a significant milestone not only for Tunisia but also served as inspiration for other African nations seeking liberation from colonial powers, fostering a wave of decolonization across the continent.