The Battle of Karameh involved a significant confrontation between the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) and the coordinated military efforts of the Jordanian Armed Forces along with the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO). It occurred in response to increasing guerrilla activities and attacks against Israel from Jordanian territory, which Israel sought to quell decisively. Prior to the battle, tensions had escalated in the region due to the PLO's growing militancy, leading to Israeli concern over security and territorial integrity.

The IDF launched an operation targeting PLO camps and militant structures in the area around Karameh. They deployed troops and air support, aiming not only to dismantle the PLO’s military posture but also to deter future attacks. However, Jordanian forces, motivated to defend their sovereignty and counteract Israeli incursions, joined the fray along with PLO fighters, resulting in a fierce and chaotic confrontation. The battle included intense ground combat and significant aerial engagements, underscoring the increasingly complex regional dynamics involving military and political alliances.

The Battle of Karameh had substantial repercussions, as it became a symbol of Arab resistance against Israeli incursions. While it resulted in military losses for both sides, the PLO emerged with bolstered support and legitimacy in the Arab world, framing the battle as a courageous stand against Israeli aggression. Conversely, the Israeli forces aimed to maintain their deterrent capability, but the backlash of heightened Palestinian and Arab nationalism was a notable outcome from the conflict, setting the stage for future confrontations.