The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) was established to provide a global framework for addressing climate change. Following its adoption at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, the convention laid the groundwork for international cooperation to combat climate change and its negative impacts on the planet. The UNFCCC set out a comprehensive approach to the issue, recognizing the need for sustained efforts by all countries in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and supporting vulnerable communities in adapting to climate variability. The convention entered into force after sufficient countries ratified it, signaling the global commitment to undertake collective action in addressing climate change concerns.

The UNFCCC stands out for establishing a process for developing specific agreements in the future, most notably the Kyoto Protocol, which was adopted in 1997. This mechanism allowed for the establishment of legally binding commitments for industrialized countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The UNFCCC's structure encourages regular assessments of progress in limiting emissions and provides a platform for negotiation and enforcement of climate-related measures. Its effectiveness relies on the collective action of nations to commit to targets and share technology and resources to achieve these goals.

As the years progressed, the UNFCCC evolved into an essential element of international climate diplomacy, facilitating conferences of the parties (COP) where countries gather to negotiate further commitments, explore financing mechanisms, and take stock of their progress. Continuous momentum has been driven by growing scientific consensus around the urgent need to address climate change, alongside increasing public awareness and advocacy regarding environmental issues.