The abolition of slavery in Puerto Rico was officially enacted through a decree from the Spanish National Assembly in 1873. This decision was influenced by the wider abolitionist movements prevailing across Europe and the Americas in the 19th century. By the early 1870s, public sentiment in Spain had increasingly turned against slavery as more individuals began to voice their disapproval of the practice. The Spanish colonial administration faced mounting pressure both domestically and from international observers to address the injustices experienced by enslaved individuals. The act of abolition in Puerto Rico, which followed similar actions in Cuba and other colonies, was celebrated by abolitionists and marked a critical moment in the fight for civil rights within Spanish territories.

The abolition legislation provided legal freedom to the enslaved population, although socioeconomic implications persisted. Many former enslaved individuals continued to face barriers to equality and opportunities. The immediate aftermath saw an intensification of discussions surrounding labor, citizenship, and integration of freed individuals into society. Economic structures based on plantation and manual labor would gradually transform as Puerto Rico transitioned into new economic realities, influenced by the changing political landscape and post-abolition conditions. The shift also set the stage for subsequent political reforms and social changes on the island.

Additionally, the abolition was a significant step toward reshaping the identity of Puerto Rico, aligning it more closely with broader social transformations occurring in Latin America and the Caribbean. The enduring struggle for freedom and equality would continue to manifest in various forms, influencing future generations.