In December 1915, Yuan Shikai, a military and political leader, declared himself Emperor of China in a bid to reinstate the monarchy, believing that a strong imperial government would help stabilize the nation. His move was met with significant resistance, sparking revolts and widespread criticism across the country. Political factions, military leaders, and the general populace preferred the Republic established in 1912 after the fall of the Qing Dynasty. After a year of turmoil, declining support, and increasing opposition to his imperial ambition, Yuan Shikai faced the untenable situation of maintaining his throne.

On March 22, 1916, recognizing the futility of his rule, Yuan Shikai announced his abdication, thereby restoring the Republic. This decision was formalized as he returned to his previous role as President of the Republic of China. Although he had hoped to bring stability and unity, his reign had only deepened factional divides and left the country in a precarious situation. Following his abdication, political power in China remained fragmented, as various warlords and factions vied for control, leading to years of internal conflict.

Yuan's brief attempt at monarchy ultimately had lasting ramifications for the political landscape in China. His actions highlighted the challenges that faced the early Republic, particularly the struggle for effective governance amidst diverse political aspirations. The abdication not only underscored the rejection of imperial authority but also set the stage for future power struggles among warlords that would plague China into the 1920s.