The Civil Rights Restoration Act of 1987 was introduced to restore civil rights protections that had been weakened by a Supreme Court ruling. Earlier that year, the Court had decided that federal funds could be denied only for specific programs engaging in discrimination rather than for entire institutions. This decision alarmed civil rights advocates who feared a reduction in protections against discrimination. In response, Congress sought to reassert a broader interpretation that would cover entire organizations receiving federal funds, regardless of specific programs. President Ronald Reagan, however, vetoed the bill on February 29, citing concerns over the potential impact on small businesses and the need for federal oversight in state and local affairs.

Following the veto, Congress regrouped and mounted a campaign to override it. On March 22, 1988, the House of Representatives voted 292 to 133 to override the veto, surpassing the required two-thirds majority. The Senate followed suit shortly thereafter, making this the first time Congress had successfully overturned a veto by Reagan. The act was notable not only for the legal protections it reinstated but also for demonstrating a rare alliance across party lines in favor of civil rights. Ultimately, it reinstated protections against discrimination in education, housing, and federally funded programs, serving as a critical legislative victory for civil rights advocates.