Congress Overrides Reagan's Veto on Civil Rights
In March 1988, the United States Congress overrode President Ronald Reagan's veto of the Civil Rights Restoration Act. The act was aimed at strengthening enforcement of civil rights laws by expanding the definition of programs and activities covered by anti-discrimination statutes. This override represented a significant bipartisan effort in defense of civil rights, with the House managing a veto-proof majority of votes in favor of the legislation following the President's disapproval. It underscored a critical turning point in the legislative commitment to civil rights protections.
Reagan vetoed the bill on February 29, 1988.
House overrode the veto with a 292-133 vote.
Senate followed with an override shortly after.
The act expanded definitions of covered programs.
What Happened?
The Civil Rights Restoration Act of 1987 was introduced to restore civil rights protections that had been weakened by a Supreme Court ruling. Earlier that year, the Court had decided that federal funds could be denied only for specific programs engaging in discrimination rather than for entire institutions. This decision alarmed civil rights advocates who feared a reduction in protections against discrimination. In response, Congress sought to reassert a broader interpretation that would cover entire organizations receiving federal funds, regardless of specific programs. President Ronald Reagan, however, vetoed the bill on February 29, citing concerns over the potential impact on small businesses and the need for federal oversight in state and local affairs.
Following the veto, Congress regrouped and mounted a campaign to override it. On March 22, 1988, the House of Representatives voted 292 to 133 to override the veto, surpassing the required two-thirds majority. The Senate followed suit shortly thereafter, making this the first time Congress had successfully overturned a veto by Reagan. The act was notable not only for the legal protections it reinstated but also for demonstrating a rare alliance across party lines in favor of civil rights. Ultimately, it reinstated protections against discrimination in education, housing, and federally funded programs, serving as a critical legislative victory for civil rights advocates.
Why Does it Matter?
The override of President Reagan's veto represented a landmark moment in the ongoing battle for civil rights in America. By re-establishing broader protections against discrimination, it reinforced the federal government's role in ensuring that civil rights were upheld across various sectors. This event exemplified a crucial shift in political climate and public sentiment toward civil rights just as the nation was grappling with issues of equality in the late 20th century. The bipartisan support showcased the significance of civil rights as a core value in American politics, reinforcing a commitment to defend these rights in the face of opposition.