The deposition of the Trần dynasty by Hồ Quý Ly was a pivotal moment in Vietnamese history as it marked the end of a long-standing dynasty that had ruled for 175 years. The Trần dynasty, known for its military victories against the Mongol invasions, experienced internal strife and corruption in its later years. The leadership struggled to effectively govern amid increasing discontent and challenges from regional landlords. Hồ Quý Ly, a trusted court official with a military background, emerged as a figure capable of addressing the kingdom's growing instability. He gathered support from various factions disillusioned with the Trần rule, leveraging both strategic marriages and political alliances to strengthen his position.

In his ascent to power, Hồ Quý Ly adopted several sweeping reforms aimed at revitalizing the economy and military. He implemented land redistribution policies that favored the common people and attempted to centralize authority to curb the power of local elites. His policies caused tension among the traditional aristocracy, but they earned him considerable popular support. By proclaiming himself emperor, Hồ Quý Ly established the Hồ dynasty, which would last for several decades. This shift from the Trần to the Hồ dynasty represented a tumultuous change in Vietnamese governance and the socio-political landscape of the time, setting the stage for future conflicts and power struggles in the region.