The Theriso revolt marked a critical moment in the Cretan struggle for independence and unification with Greece. Eleftherios Venizelos, a key leader and advocate for Cretan autonomy, originated from Crete and had a strong belief in the island's right to self-determination. The backdrop of his call was characterized by the dissatisfaction of the Cretan people with Ottoman rule, particularly after several failed reforms and continued unrest on the island. On March 23, 1905, Venizelos gathered his supporters in the village of Theriso, located in the Cretan mountains, launching the revolt against the Ottoman administration. He urged the people to rise up and push for the union with Greece, emphasizing the cultural and national ties that bound the island to the Greek mainland.

The revolt quickly gained momentum as Cretans rallied behind Venizelos's vision, leading to a series of clashes with Ottoman forces. The initial success of the revolt highlighted the widespread sentiment among Cretans for unification with Greece, as many viewed the Ottoman presence as a hindrance to their national aspirations. Venizelos's efforts also attracted the attention of the Greek government and international observers, who were becoming increasingly aware of the plight of Cretans.

While the revolt faced challenges, its significance lay in its demonstration of unified Cretan nationalism and resistance against Ottoman rule. The uprising ultimately contributed to the larger movement for Cretan independence, culminating in the eventual incorporation of Crete into Greece in 1913. Venizelos's role in this uprising established him as a significant political figure in both Cretan and Greek politics, influencing the course of Greek history in the early 20th century.