Upon receiving the title of shōgun from Emperor Go-Yōzei, Tokugawa Ieyasu solidified his authority over Japan after the tumultuous Sengoku period. The title of shōgun, which means 'general', was originally a military rank, but by this time had transformed into the highest political position in Japan. With Edo (modern Tokyo) becoming the political center, Ieyasu initiated a new system of governance that relied on a strict hierarchy and centralized control. This centralization was crucial for the restoration of order after years of feudal warfare. After significant victories, including the decisive Battle of Sekigahara in 1600, Ieyasu was poised to unify Japan under his leadership.

The establishment of the Tokugawa shogunate heralded the Edo period, which is noted for its economic growth, the rise of a unique urban culture, and significant advancements in the arts, architecture, and literature. The shogunate implemented policies that regulated foreign trade and travel, leading to a long period of relative isolation known as Sakoku. This isolation allowed Japan to develop internally while minimizing foreign influence, thus preserving its cultural identity.

Ieyasu's policies, such as the sankin-koutai system, required feudal lords (daimyos) to reside in Edo every other year, effectively controlling their power by dividing their loyalties and resources. This not only strengthened Tokugawa rule but also stimulated the economy through the movement of goods and people. Ieyasu's rule and establishment of the shogunate fundamentally reshaped Japan's political landscape and societal structure, influencing the country for centuries to come.